Tag Archives: teaching

Why the Census Matters II: Social Indicators

If only I could get him to come to my class. In Philanthrocapitalism, Bill Gates tells the story that what turned him into a large-scale philanthropist was a World Bank report on global health that exposed him to the global injustices to which he had been largely blind.

That’s the power of a stark social indicator, folks. Worth billions of dollars. Literally.

Okay, so even someone as pro-social indicator as I am can’t promise that you’ll see that kind of response to all of your data. But it’s important to remember that the 2010 Census, the results of which will start flowing soon, matter for more than just federal allocations of dollars.

U.S. Census data help us know our communities, plan our programs, justify our needs (and our very existence), and tell our stories. They provide the backdrop to the grassroots, participatory research that we’re doing, and they can help us to identify trends that demand our attention or signs that we’re making progress. They put new issues on the agenda, focus media and public attention on the status of our society, and (if we play it right) give voice to problems and populations that might otherwise be overlooked. You’ll turn to them dozens of times over the next 10 years, weaving them into grant applications and referencing them in your reports and citing them in policy briefs and projecting them in dramatic maps.

So they need to include the people with whom you work, those who populate your community, those whose lives need to count. Not just because it means more highway dollars for your MSA, but because, otherwise, all of the decisions and conclusions that flow from these data (do we need to translate government documents into Spanish?, should we invest more in services for young families or older adults?, which populations need the most attention in terms of educational attainment?, where have we made the biggest gains?) will be made without them, too.

We don’t know, yet, who might be watching those social indicators, looking for something to catch their eyes, needing the right piece of data to convince them that a problem deserves their attention. But we know that the U.S. Census continues to be the leading source of the indicators we’ll count on to guide our work on our most vexing challenges in the decade to come, so we know that we all need to count.

Social Work Education and Millennials

Today is my first day of class for the fall semester. It’s going to be a big one, with my first forays into “blended” (part-online, part-classroom) instruction, a commute between our two main campuses, and a lot of evaluation, on my part, about how to best engage students in the study of social policy within this new context.

My graduate students (which is what I’ll have this semester) are older and, for the most part, more diverse than our undergraduates, but, still, the majority of my students are in their 20s, which places them within the Millennial generation. My reading and thinking this summer about the power of this generation to transform the American political landscape has sparked some new insights about how this generation’s unique attributes may shape them as students, too, and how my teaching needs to reflect their styles of engagement and modes of inquiry. I certainly haven’t reached any definitive conclusions, but I’ll look to them, this semester and in the future, to help me sort through some of what I’m seeing in the classroom (and, increasingly, in our online discussion boards) and how to best navigate this ‘generation gap’ as an instructor.

Some thoughts:

  • Millennials are more religiously-motivated in their progressivism than any previous generation since the GI (“Greatest”) Generation. I’ve certainly seen this in my classroom, which means that I need to figure out how to help students sort through their faith, and how it brings them to our profession and towards social justice, and how to use it ethically and appropriately in working with diverse client groups.
  • Millennials are very relationship-focused. As I’ve discussed here before, the increasingly fluid relationships that I forge with students, especially through the use of social media, come with new ethical quandries that it is, obviously, my responsibility as instructor to navigate. My students have always wanted to know a lot about me personally, but these students seem particularly interested in reciprocity, bringing me into their networks as they find allies with whom to work on the issues they care about. This also means that they don’t want to work in silos; the idea of totally “independent” work product is fairly foreign to them, and they prefer instead to collaborate in ways that add to their learning. This means, for me, thinking creatively about group projects and how to foster processes, not just products, that promote knowledge and community at the same time.
  • There’s an inherent distrust of authority, but it comes from a concern that elites are trying to control their access to information, not from an automatic disdain for institution. My students want to see detailed citations, they want transparency, they want to be able to look at data for themselves. They question where conclusions are coming from not because they have a reflexive antipathy for all authority but because their ways of relating to each other, and to content, are more dynamic than organizational rules often allow. I think that the blended course format, with its layers of content, will feed into this, but I need to always be prepared for students’ challenging, rather than being defensive or dismissive.
  • There’s increasing consensus among Millennials about many social and economic issues, which, while it bodes well for public policy reform, can create a sort of ‘groupthink’ in class, that not only may cause older students to feel excluded (even more than they may naturally) but also deprive younger students of the opportunity to debate, hone, and defend their ideas with diverse audiences. I need to think about how I bring other perspectives into the classroom and how I give space to dissenting views.

    I’d love to hear from my current and former students, Millennials and not, about how generational differences impact your social work education, and about how you’d like to see instructors adapt to students’ experiences. Other instructors and instructional experts (and generational scholars) looking at these issues, I’d appreciate any resources you have on how to best grapple with the challenges and best build on the tremendous strengths of this latest generation in the classroom.

    To all, here’s to another wonderful semester of social policy study!

  • What I’ve learned in three years of “teaching”

    photo courtesy University of Kansas

    School starts this week!

    Can you tell I’m excited?

    I was exchanging thoughts with a friend on Facebook the other day–she’s also an adjunct instructor in a social work program here in the Midwest–and we were comparing notes. The topic quickly turned to things that we’ve learned from our students, from different ways of seeing policy (she had a student point out that Bush’s expansion of Medicare, through Part D prescription drug benefits, was the largest expansion of the welfare state in the modern era) to better strategies for communicating content (in appreciation to my students who pointed out that, on video, I’d just make everyone dizzy).

    As a reminder to myself and a demonstration to students past and (almost!) present, here’s my list of the top 3 things (I chose 1 per year) I’ve learned from my students, in no particular order:

  • No one wants to hear me talk for two hours straight (except maybe Jen and Jason, bless their souls!). Seriously–my students have challenged me to come up with innovative ways to engage them with the content (debates, case studies, problem-solving, simulations), rather than just delivering it, and we’re all learning more.
  • Challenging students shows that I respect them, and believe in them; they’d rather come up short in my class than in ‘real life’. It’s hard, especially when you’re a new instructor, to get over wanting to be liked in order to hold people to the high expectations of which you know they’re capable. And, okay, maybe there are a few students who would rather coast through, but the majority of my students have repeatedly told me that they appreciated honest feedback and academic rigor.
  • Learning, and teaching, don’t stop with graduation. I spend a lot of time with former students, mentoring and sharing links and exchanging ideas and making connections. It’s some of the most rewarding time I spend as a teacher, cultivating relationships of lifelong learning with talented social workers.

    There are more lessons, to be sure: about social media and its role in the classroom, about the unpredictability of what will provide the spark for a particular student’s passion for policy, about how students need to learn from each other. Not to mention all of the attempts to tutor me in the ways of popular culture.

    And, there are probably other lessons that I should have learned, but didn’t. Maybe this will be the year for those?

    Teachers, as we head back to classes: what have you learned from your students? And, students, what are you trying to teach us (or, even, specifically, me) that you wish we’d learn?

  • The dreaded “Class Participation” grade: can technology help?

    photo credit, deborah jaffe, via flickr

    **I’m teaching a new class this semester: Human Behavior in the Social Environment: Groups, Organizations, and Communities, and it has prompted a lot of thinking about group development, in particular, and some new ideas about organizational impact on practice, too. This week, I’ll have a few posts about some of the topics that I’m raising in this class, tying in some of the reading I’ve been doing around these ideas. I (and, I’m sure, my students!) would appreciate any of your feedback, too.

    One of the challenges of any instructor, I think, is how to solicit the full participation of all students in a way that supports the learning of other students as well. For social work instructors, where most of our classes are very participatory, and where a big part of our, rather unspoken, responsibility is to assess the degree to which a student is not only intellectually but also ethically congruent with our profession, finding this instructional ‘sweet spot’ is even more critical. We tell students that it’s not enough just to be present; they have to participate. Yet we (or, at least, I) struggle to quantify ‘participation’, and, even more importantly, to qualify it–how do I honor each student’s contribution, respect differences in language abilities and speed of processing, preserve confidentiality, and deal with conflicts among students (and student comments that challenge my own understanding of our professional value base)? On the fly, yet with a record that will later allow me to assign a point value to these interactions?

    Over the winter break, in preparation for this class, which is a bit larger than some of my Master-level courses and also uses quite a bit of group work, I did some reading on pedagogy and also on group interactions and group work for learning. In light of those insights, and in preparation for class next fall, which will be half online, I am incorporating the use of online discussion boards, internal to our class, into the class participation grade. It has been mostly a success so far, largely because I was able to learn from the experiences of other instructors who have forged these paths before, although I’m still experimenting with ways to address some of the challenges.

    Perhaps not surprisingly, I’m finding that the new medium doesn’t really change many of the dynamics and patterns of student participation; it mainly moves them to a new venue. At this midpoint in the semester (happy spring break, everyone!), here are my admittedly unscientific reflections on the limits and potential of discussion boards in social work education.

  • They absolutely help students whose only barrier to participation is shyness. I have had some wonderful, quite meaningful exchanges (and observed some others) with students who say almost nothing in the full class environment. This is a huge advantage; those students who obviously are very engaged with the material but just don’t feel comfortable expressing themselves in class have a new outlet.
  • Students tend to disclose more in a discussion board than they would in class. In some cases, this is really powerful; they delve more deeply into the course, and we are able to build a stronger relationship, than would otherwise be possible, in a shorter time. Sometimes this is kind of awkward, though, when students disclose things that they really might not want, on more reflection, me (or other students) to know; there’s an anonymity (even though there isn’t) on the discussion board, and boundaries can be a little blurred.
  • The core challenges in creating meaningful class participation experiences remain: students tend to react more to me than to each other, despite my attempts to draw linkages; students tend to answer the questions posed more than critically explore unanswered quandaries; and it’s harder to get students to bring in course readings and other, external perspectives than to get them to just respond from their own experiences. This doesn’t discourage me from using discussion boards but, rather, suggests that they are not the panacea that some would hope.
  • Finally, and unexpectedly, I love having a record! I can look back at how students have changed their understanding over the weeks, how relationships are developing, how we’ve been able to build in class off what we do on the boards. It makes assigning grades easier, too, because I don’t have to keep track of points every week.

    Students and instructors using discussion boards, in social work or elsewhere in higher education, I’d love to hear your thoughts and experiences. How can we make this technology maximally useful? How can it complement classwork? And what do you see as its dangers?

  • Multi-media classes

    So my new favorite word for something that has long been my favorite thing?

    Crowdsourcing

    Basically, what this means for me, particularly in my teaching, is that I have always learned a lot from being willing to ask a lot of questions, from expecting a lot from my students (in terms of what they have to contribute), and from displaying a kind of hyper-enthusiasm (that, truly, is completely authentic) for all things organizing/advocacy/policy/politics related that people either get swept into it or just feel sorry for me, so that we have great discussions and generate a lot of new thought around the topic.

    And, now that I’m engaged in redesigning the Advanced Policies & Programs course for the mixed-media format, I’m using crowdsourcing to solicit ideas for how to structure the class and finding that some crowdsourcing-type principles are working their way into its design, as well.

    Here’s what I’m thinking so far for the course outline. I don’t teach it until Fall 2010, but I have to make podcasts of some lectures and redesign the syllabus and all of the assignments, and familiarize myself with some of the technology for the chat rooms and discussion boards, so it’s really going to be here before I know it.

  • Podcasts of some of my lectures–I just can’t see people wanting to watch me on video; as my students know, I am incapable of standing still when I talk, and I think that sitting down in front of a computer to watch me talk about regulatory policy for 90 minutes would be punishing, but the thought is that having a podcast that students could either listen to while doing something else or use in conjunction with a PowerPoint presentation timed to advance with the audio would be helpful.
  • Some additional handouts, and PowerPoint presentations with not only key concepts but also some examples and application of the concepts–particularly with some additional visuals (since I am guilty of excessive words on slides!) I’m looking for some video to use where I can–for example, as examples of policy presentations (both effective and not).
  • Blog posts from me, weekly, about the topics that we’re covering in the course, with students commenting on those in order to create a kind of conversation–so, for example, when we’re studying local policymaking, I’ll attend some city council/county commission meetings and blog about not only the substance but also the form of that type of government, and ask for student contributions and reflections.
  • Lots of use of chat rooms and discussion forums–I’ll be starting conversations about such topics as “the use of discretion: social workers as policymakers” or “barriers to policy change within nonprofit organizations”, and students can either log in at specific times for a live chat (which, I think, would be particularly helpful for those who want to ask questions and/or feel that they are developing a relationship with me as their instructor) or visit at their own convenience to offer their comments
  • Virtual group projects–a lot of them! I’m thinking that students will work in groups to create a policy guidebook, on a specific type of policymaking, for a specific organizational audience (so, for example, Guide to Regulatory Policy for homeless shelters–where they’ll talk about where to find proposed regulations, how regulatory policy impacts shelters, examples of successful advocacy, resources…) and work together on those, using some of our in-class time but mainly the discussion forums and Google Documents to share work. I’m also reworking the final session of the course, so that I’ll provide some statistics and background information on the major trends impacting social policy and student groups will do presentations that discuss the implications for their practice/our profession.
  • REALLY dynamic in-person classes. Our consultant for the mixed media classes pointed out that, when students receive much of the course content online, the in-person classes have to be really terrific for them not to think, “I could have done this from home on my computer!” So I’m planning two panels of guest speakers (policymakers, organizations engaged in influencing policy), student presentations, small group work on policy-related dilemmas…trying to figure out how to make those sessions maximally engaging.

    What do you think?

    Here’s what I need from all of you (my crowd, so to speak!):

    Have you participated in online/distance learning before? If so, what worked about those courses, and what didn’t? What did you wish that the teacher had done/provided to help with your learning?

    What would help you the most in figuring out how to engage material around policymaking and policy analysis in a mixed-media/online format? What is your learning style, and what kind of distance learning activities/materials do you think would help most?

    What do you think about what I’ve outlined here? Anything sound too bizarre or too boring? Students who took this class with me, what ideas do you have for how to organize the delivery of this content?

    Crowd, please, source away!

  • Review: We Make the Road by Walking

    I really needed this book. I spent so much time this summer thinking social media and Gen Y nonprofit leadership and emerging technologies that I was kind of all sucked into the tactics of social change, and I really needed a reason to step back and reflect on the why a little more, to think about how we help people to transform their own lives, and to remember why that matters so very much.

    This is a pretty unorthodox book that features, essentially, an extended conversation between two rather revolutionary men (they are both men, and there were many, many places where I wished for a feminist voice, although both (Paulo) Freire and (Myles) Horton make several references to non-sexist practice within their popular education) about their lives as popular educators, and organizers, and rethinkers about the whole concept of how people learn and change and realize their power.

    I read the book thinking like an organizer and wanting to think more about the role of popular education in social movements. I found myself also noting many places where something spoke to me as an instructor, though, making me doubly glad that I read this book in the lead-up to the fall semester. To hopefully make my insights about the book more useful to you all, I’ve divided my thoughts into two sections: one on teaching and one on social change work, although obviously they don’t divide like that at all in the lives of Freire and Horton, or, really, me either. If you want more background on Myles or Paulo, check out the Highlander Center and Pedagogy of the Oppressed. One biographical note about Horton that may be of interest to social workers is his work with Jane Addams in Chicago, further proof of the connection between popular education and social work’s roots.

    The book has two central themes: the importance of freedom for all people, and the capacity and right of people to achieve that freedom through their own liberation struggle. For me, that carries a key message for both my macro social work practice (because it means that my organizing and advocacy must be directed at liberation and that I have an ethical responsibility to pursue processes for the work that place people as autonomous actors at the center) and for my teaching (because it means that authoritarian content-pushing is contrary to my aims to help create social workers who will be empowered in order to empower).

    As a teacher:

  • One of my ongoing challenges is to think about how to relate course material to students’ actual work and struggles, so that they seek the content out, rather than engage it only to satisfy my requests as an instructor. That obviously leaves me with a quandry, though, within the confines of the traditional academic relationship, because if they choose not to engage certain material, popular education would say that they’re making a choice that fits their lives and needs at that time, while the university would say that they deserve to feel consequences (grades) for that “failure”. As an educator within the higher education system, I have to find a way to resolve that paradox somehow.
  • Perhaps more than in other disciplines, social work educators seem to talk a lot about the use of self in the teaching process–how much should we strive to be ‘objective’ or ‘neutral’ as we’re working with out students? I have always taken the stance that I cannot pretend to be what I’m not, and I most assuredly am not neutral, and so, therefore, my task is to create a learning environment where students trust that they don’t have to agree with me in order to ‘succeed’, and then to allow them to express their own value preferences co-equally. Freire put this into better words, saying that neutrality is really code for the existing system and that, then, “neutral is an immoral act.” Horton agrees but has a different strategy, explaining that he enthusiastically tells people his positions when they ask, because then he knows that it will have relevance for them–that they’re seeking to know so that they can digest them and fit them into their worldview, that then it’s not imposing.
  • I am committed to finding ways to use questions more skilfully in my teaching, to inject them into discussions in ways that introduce what I want to communicate to students without having to force-feed it. I can think of topics where I am more successful at this than others, and maybe I need to observe someone who’s really good at it to get a better sense of how to weave this together? Also, students respond more to questions and even presentations by their peers, so how can I enhance my techniques in facilitating those types of discussions, in ways that still move us along regarding key learning objectives? And how do I do all of that in a context where students get so nervous if it seems like the instructor isn’t going to “take charge” that their anxiety can become a barrier to any constructive learning? I need to have some kind of authority, so that we have a student/teacher relationship that fosters real learning, but that can so easily slip into authoritarianism, especially within the context of the institution. They want to see me as an expert (and, on some content, I am), and I want them to see themselves as experts so that they can integrate the new content with their own realities, and I’ll probably be 80 (like these guys were!) before I feel that I’ve got that balance figured out!

    As an organizer:

  • Horton talks in one passage about the abundance of “missionaries” of various stripes who have descended upon the Appalachian region. It occurred to me that some are probably “social work missionaries”, and it made me think (again) about my role as an organizer within a community that is obviously not my own. How can such relationships not be exploitative? What are the most ethical options for those facing potential work as an “outsider” in vulnerable communities?
  • One of the maxims of organizing (and, I think, all good social work) is to ‘start where the people are’. Sometimes, though, organizers are so careful about this that they forget the equally important piece–not staying where you start. That might mean challenging racism within a neighborhood group or (as in Freire’s case) sexism among Latin American peasant communities, or it might just mean continuing to look for opportunities to introduce new ideas, resources, and connections to people in ways that resonate with how they see their needs and their world. You can’t leap ahead so much that there’s a disconnect between there experience and where you want them to go–it has to be seamless. Done right, this isn’t paternalistic–failing to do it, actually, may constitute malpractice.
  • Horton shared an AWESOME story, maybe the best I’ve ever heard, about how, after Highlander had started citizenship schools to help African Americans register to vote, he ran into a woman in Mississippi who asked him what he did. He told her he was a teacher, and she said that she was too, that she taught at a Citizenship School, and she asked him if he knew what those were. He asked her to tell him about them, and she explained all about it. He told her it was a wonderful idea and asked if anyone else knew about them. She said, “No, but they will.” He was overjoyed that she had taken such ownership in the idea and was clearning adapting it to work for her context. But the story got me thinking–how comfortable are we as social workers with those with whom we work really taking ownership of our work with them? Are we ready to really pull back so that people can feel (and even portray) it as their own?
  • Horton calls progressives and intellectuals out on the idea of reform; the people, he says, know that ‘reforms don’t reform’, that what we need is radical change. What holds us back from true structural revolution? And could it be that, precisely because we’re not pushing for enough, we’re not getting enough? That is, if we asked for everything, would we be surprised at what we could do together?
  • When I teach organizing and advocacy practice, I talk a lot about why the way in which we organize matters so much–that if we do so in a way that educates and empowers people, then we’ll win even if we fall short of solving whatever problem we laid out as the objective. Horton talks about this too and also acknowledges that it is relatively rare to see the two things (transformational popular education and effective organizing) brought together, that more often there’s too much emphasis on one pole, at the expense of the other–either education that fails to move to action, or organizing that involves manipulative mobilization rather than real human liberation.
  • Freire put into words something that I have often witnessed but never really articulated: the importance of giving people the right to express their suffering. Really, that was a lot of my work in immigrant rights–creating a political space in which undocumented immigrants, among others, could call their suffering unjust and denounce it, and be heard.
  • I’ll likely return to this, because I’m doing a lot of reading about social movements right now, but I loved a section where Horton was talking about seeing people in the civil rights movement, willing to die for the cause, who, “I had known five years before, and they were frivolous, actually frivolous. A movement can change people.” I think that’s amazingly powerful, and it gave me a lot of hope for what the next few decades might hold.

    And, as a mom:
    At one point, Freire talks about, as a child, being stunned by the realization that some kids have enough to eat and some kids don’t. I had that experience with my oldest son last week. We bought school supplies for Crosslines, and he asked why some kids don’t have enough school supplies. I explained that their parents don’t have enough money to buy them, and I could tell he couldn’t comprehend that. So we talked at length about how some parents might be sick and unable to work, and the government doesn’t give them enough money to provide everything their families need; some work at jobs that don’t pay them enough; and some can’t find jobs. The best part of the conversation was that those explanations obviously didn’t satisfy them, which makes sense, because they are so obviously unsatisfying. “But why, Mommy?” he kept asking. And finally, I just answered, “I know, sweetheart. It’s not fair. And you and Daddy and Mommy and lots of other people need to keep working to make it more fair, so that every Mommy and Daddy can buy their kids what they need to succeed in school.” I think most kids have that basic sense of fair and unfair, and I see one of my roles as a mom as helping my kids to never lose their dismay and outrage over that which is unfair.

    The book ends where I will, with this quote: “Go to the people. Learn from them. Live with them. Love them. Start with what they know. Build with what they have. But the best of leaders when the job is done, when the task is accomplished, the people will all say we have done it ourselves.” Lao Tzu, 604 B.C. It has taken us a long time to move towards really understanding this, but we’re getting there. I feel recharged, recommitted, and re-inspired.

  • Outsourcing Higher Education?

    I read this article a long time ago, and it has been sitting in my inbox for a couple of months. I found it the other day and looked at it with new eyes this week after I found out (more to come on this, because I’m totally psyched about it!) that I’ll be teaching a mixed media version of the Advanced Policies and Programs course that I’ve taught since 2003. Really, a similar rationale underlies both innovations: if institutions of higher education are to meet the needs of today’s students (which they must, since they are increasingly expected to compete in a near-clone of the private market, given the continued decline in state investment), then they must find new ways to deliver, package, and market their content. School of Social Welfare perhaps have a particular responsibility here, as we must recruit and retain a diverse student body (in race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status but also in age, life experience, and other dimensions that matter to those we serve) in order to reflect our communities and deliver high-quality, ethical social work.

    Still, I’m uncomfortable with the program as laid out here. There are my general objections to privatization–undercutting the public sphere that has a value in itself, eventually eroding support for those same, precious public institutions–as well as some more specific concerns related to the quality of the instruction, the wisdom of making these credits indistinguishable, the loss of the communal learning environment so important in creating educated citizens, rather than just certified professionals.

    But I’ve spent time at Fort Hays State, and a lot of time in western Kansas, and I know that the concerns cited are real. I know that the university has been in Topeka warning of dire consequences if funding cuts continue, but they haven’t gotten relief. They need to do something, obviously, or the resource that the university is for an entire region could be lost. But what is lost with this approach? And is there a balance that could have been struck, with expanded distance learning options or some other innovation, that might not have raised the same risks? What do you think? Is this the end of public higher education as we know it? Does that matter? For social workers, how much do you really rely on your BSW or MSW in your daily practice? How connected are you to what you learned there? What options do you wish would have been available to you at the time?

    article about Fort Hays State University

    Taking Action in the Global Economy

    One of my assignments for my Poverty in the Global Economy course was to take some sort of action, at the end of the course, to effect change in the global economy. The goal was to show that local initiative can, indeed, have global impact. I basically made the assignment up, because the master syllabus was all pretty theoretical, and I really felt that students needed to be able to answer, at least in part, the ‘so what now?’ question that, for me, follows any presentation about the often-disastrous consequences of our current economic order. I wasn’t really sure what to expect, though, so I was really excited by what they came up with.

    All of the projects were fairly different, and all reflected pretty well the students’ own interests and aptitudes. Some of the highlights: a bilingual student helped some immigrant acquaintances who had been recently laid off access food and other emergency assistance and talked with them about the origins of the current economic downturn; an economic-minded and fairly conservative student read an article from a prominent conservative-leaning publication and crafted a response based on what he had learned in class, that pointed out some of the fallacies in the author’s arguments; a student who works with young children created a lesson plan about global poverty designed for preschoolers and helped them raise money for a global anti-poverty organization; a student interested in urban poverty screened “Slumdog Millionaire” for a small group and then led a discussion about the realities of urban poverty in the developing world; another student made a loan through Kiva to an aspiring entrepreneur in Bangladesh; one volunteered with a community garden program that serves refugees.

    It was pretty awesome, really, to see how students could scan their own environments and their own resources to find tangible ways to make changes that support the pursuit of global justice. It was inspiring to see that they could look past the apparent intractability of global poverty to find solace and hope in their only authentic sources–work effort and solidarity. And it was exciting to see how academics can be used as a part of a strategy for social change, planting seeds of praxis that will, hopefully, continue to bear fruit.

    “Accidental Social Working?”–Only Fools Rush In

    My husband and I are big “Baby Whisperer” fans. Well, OK, we were, with our first son, and then when we had twins we fully embraced the whole “do absolutely anything that seems to work in the moment” philosophy in order to manage life with 3 kids aged 2 and under. But, in my rare moments to reflect on parenting, I still think that the Baby Whispering advice makes sense–basically, take time to know your baby, to figure out what is really going on with him/her, and be purposeful and present, emotionally as well as physically, in order to develop healthy patterns of interaction and help babies figure out how to comfort themselves. The whole idea is to avoid what she calls ‘accidental parenting’, where, in an attempt to rapidly fix some problem, we end up missing the bigger picture.

    That’s a big part of the way that I parent, really, which is somewhat surprising, perhaps, given that, before I was a mom, I tended to rush through life, making decisions on the fly and managing crisis after crisis. As a parent, soon to be of 3 toddlers, I think that the idea of hanging back a bit, diagnosing before acting, and trying to get to the root of problems is what has helped my kids to adjust to the world as well as they have (not that I haven’t succumbed to the ‘just give him children’s Tylenol’ temptation at 3AM before!).

    I thought of Baby Whispering in class the other day (it’s funny, sometimes, how much my mind jumps from Mommy to social work mode, and back). In the global poverty course, my students were working through a poverty simulation exercise that I developed to help them understand a bit more intimately the problems that people around the world face as they attempt to survive in the current global economic order. I broke them into 3 groups of 4, and each group was assigned to read through one of the family case scenarios–Ohio, Mexico, or the Philippines. They had to answer a series of questions and also make decisions, given the real price information that I included. Students certainly took it seriously, and the feedback that I received was pretty positive–they did feel that it helped to personalize somewhat our earlier lecture and discussion regarding the nature of poverty in the global economy.

    But what I observed, and what made me think of baby whispering, was the way in which all 3 groups, independently, tended to jump to judgment about the families and their actions, and tended to immediately look to micro-level ‘solutions’ to deal with some of the symptoms of the problems. For example, the group talking about the Marshall family from Ohio focused in on how the family might trim its grocery bill with some more selective shopping, what might help Todd better deal with his decimated financial position in order to get his drinking under control, and how to counsel the family to adjust their expectations in line with their reduced economic position. Certainly some of those interventions are valid responses to the Marshalls’ very real, very urgent pain, but none of them begin to discuss what is causing the Marshalls’ hardship or how, indeed, those root causes are threatening the very existence of the middle class in much of the United States. Kind of like putting your baby in the swing for yet another nap, because at least it gets her to go to sleep, even though you still haven’t figured out why she hates that crib that she needs to learn to sleep in.

    I think that social workers are often ‘guilty’ of this. We want to fix things, and the root causes are often much harder to fix, so we zero in on that which brings some quick relief. We are attuned more to the pyschological impact of poverty and discrimination than the political and economic conditions that contribute to them. We focus on individuals, the level of intervention where we feel most comfortable, rather than social structures, where the real problems are.

    As I circulated among the groups, talking with students, I found myself probing in ways not unlike the Baby Whisperer. She had a catchy acronym for it: STOP: Stop, Listen, Observe, What’s Up? I encouraged them to take a step back and ask critical questions about the families’ situations and the conditions that contribute to them, before trying to intervene. I challenged them to really listen to what the individuals involved were saying about their circumstances, their fears, their goals, their very real anger. And I insisted that they examine the injustices at work, the structural reforms needed, and the role that they as social workers could play in pursuing such radical change, before they applied more micro-level interventions that, while often a component of how we render aid (just as I don’t believe in just letting a baby cry and cry), will at best fail to prevent the same problem from recurring and at worst will mask the true structural violence of a system that creates crises.

    Just as, in those weak moments in the middle of the night, as a parent I tend to reach for whatever I think will make the crying stop, so, too, do we as social workers sometimes grab desperately (in the dark!) for something to stop the bleeding, so to speak. But it is my hope, in this class and as an instructor more generally, to give my students some of the tools they need, in the light of day and with a more well-rested perspective, to work towards new systems that will help all of the vulnerable people we serve sleep easier.

    Guilt and the Global Economy

    I’m teaching a class this summer, new to me (and fairly new to the
    School) on Poverty in the Global Economy. The title of the class, actually, is the Globalization of Poverty, but that suggests, to me, the global diffusion of poverty, which is quite different than what the master syllabus outlines and what I intend to teach, but that’s a whole different topic…

    I’m excited about this class; even though I dislike the summer format, really, because it is so condensed as to be pretty immediately overwhelming to both student and instructor, I have an outlined planned that I think (fingers crossed) will really work: lots of class activities, debates, discussion, videos, guest speakers. We’re going to cover global health (especially HIV/AIDS), the Millennium Development Goals, the role of international financial institutions (World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund), grassroots anti-poverty action, migration and the global economy, the impact of the current financial crisis, global aid and debt, the role of violence in perpetrating economic disaster…OK, so it may still be pretty immediately overwhelming.

    I’m sure that I’ll have more thoughts on those topics, and how to communicate them effectively to students (or not) throughout the rest of the month. One of my greatest challenges is to convey a sense of relevance and integration, given that these are topics, at least in this global context, that are quite literally foreign to Bachelors social work students, who tend to be somewhat parochially focused. But the challenge that I’m facing this week, as I go through my notes for final course preparations, is how to cultivate a sense of shared destiny, common responsibility, interdependence, without crippling my students with a middle-class guilt that will choke out all meaningful praxis.

    If you’ve ever traveled on a “Reality Tour”, so to speak, you know the paralysis of which I speak. When you first come back to the U.S., you have trouble eating (because you can’t stop thinking about all of the hunger you saw); you obsessively check labels on everything (thinking about the working conditions where it was produced); you interrupt your friends with morose commentary about the number of children who have died in the past hour of diarrheal disease.

    Conscious, yes, which is arguably preferable to the oblivion in which many of us live much of the time, but not too conducive to the kind of real solidarity-building and righteous campaigning for social change that economic, social, and political realities demand. I’ve had many such experiences, and they are very much on my mind as I put together this class.

    How do I make the tragedies real without making victims out of the courageous people who live them? How do I highlight the complicity of the U.S., particularly our trade arrangements, without romanticizing nationalistic economic development? How do I steer students towards promising anti-poverty policy without minimizing the intractability of the desperation? How do I make it connect to their work without oversimplifying?

    I don’t expect anyone to have the magic answers for me; I am hopeful that my students and I will hit upon some of them as we struggle through the material together, but it’s a quandary that I think anyone who endeavors to teach about poverty and need in a way that seeks to aid, not further exploit, those who are subjected to them, must face. And I’d welcome anyone’s thoughts about how to tackle it.